{"id":55394,"date":"2025-10-12T02:36:29","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T22:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/?p=55394"},"modified":"2025-10-12T02:36:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T22:36:29","slug":"axina-qarsi-bir-omur-seyid-ezim-olmaq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/?p=55394","title":{"rendered":"AXINA QAR\u015eI B\u0130R \u00d6M\u00dcR – SEY\u0130D \u018fZ\u0130M OLMAQ"},"content":{"rendered":"

(\u015eairin 190 illiyin\u0259)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Al\u0259ml\u0259ri t\u0259sxir q\u0131lan m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m\u0259m m\u0259n…<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On s\u0259kkiz il m\u00fc\u0259llim kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaq, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ziya verm\u0259k, d\u0259rslikl\u0259r, oxu kitablar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaq, \u015feir v\u0259 hekay\u0259l\u0259r yaz\u0131b \u0259d\u0259biyyat yolu il\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 t\u0259rbiy\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k! Yolundan d\u00f6nm\u0259d\u0259n, b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011fr\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 d\u00f6z\u0259r\u0259k ya\u015famaq! B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 qazanc\u0131 n\u0259 idi b\u0259s? Vaxtil\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259, Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vinin t\u00fcrb\u0259si \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 bu m\u0259\u015fhur r\u00fcbaini s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim g\u00f6r\u0259s\u0259n, \u00f6z taleyind\u0259n nec\u0259, – nigaran idimi?<\/p>\n

Ey \u015feyx Nizami, ey<\/strong><\/p>\n

nizam\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lan,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ey G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 izz\u00fc –<\/strong><\/p>\n

ehti\u015fam\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lan.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Olmay\u0131bd\u0131r cahanda bir<\/strong><\/p>\n

s\u0259ninl\u0259 m\u0259nt\u0259k,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beyti, evi, m\u0259kt\u0259bi,<\/strong><\/p>\n

k\u0259lam\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lan.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim 1888-ci il may\u0131n 20-d\u0259 v\u0259fat edib. V\u0259siyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n do\u011fma \u015eamax\u0131dak\u0131 \u201c\u015eah X\u0259ndan\u201d q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u0259fn olunub. \u018fd\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas alim \u015eahbaz Musayev (\u015eam\u0131o\u011flu) 2018-ci ild\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259: m\u00fchiti, m\u00fcasirl\u0259ri il\u0259\u00a0 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 yeni tipli \u0259d\u0259biyyat yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 fundamental t\u0259dqiqat\u0131nda \u00f6n\u0259mli bir fakta diqq\u0259t y\u00f6n\u0259ldir: \u201cAbbas S\u0259hh\u0259t v\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Hadinin m\u00fcasiri v\u0259 yax\u0131n dostu \u018fb\u00fclqas\u0131m \u018fminzad\u0259 \u201cAbbas S\u0259hh\u0259t haqq\u0131nda xatir\u0259l\u0259r\u201dind\u0259 1888-ci ild\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin c\u0259naz\u0259sinin arxas\u0131nca c\u0259misi 15-20 n\u0259f\u0259rin getdiyini dostlar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259 izl\u0259dikl\u0259rini yaz\u0131r, sonra diqq\u0259ti dostlar aras\u0131nda olan bir m\u00fckalim\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ldir. Onun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Abbas S\u0259hh\u0259t g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259d\u0259n p\u0259jm\u00fcrd\u0259 olaraq deyib: \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, bizim \u0259hlimiz \u015fairin\u0259 nec\u0259 bax\u0131r? Bel\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fairin c\u0259naz\u0259sind\u0259 baqqal c\u0259naz\u0259sind\u0259 olan ki\u015fi q\u0259d\u0259r ki\u015fi yoxdur\u201d…<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131zda Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundovdan sonra maarif\u00e7i dal\u011fan\u0131 g\u0259tir\u0259n, g\u0259li\u015fdir\u0259n, b\u00f6y\u00fck epoxa yaratma\u011f\u0131 bacarm\u0131\u015f q\u00fcdr\u0259tli \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tdir. XIX \u0259srin sonu, XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 formala\u015fan yeni \u0259d\u0259biyyat diskursunun \u0259n d\u0259y\u0259rli fakt\u0131d\u0131r. Onun ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 u\u015faql\u0131q ill\u0259rinin, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259hsilin, yiy\u0259l\u0259ndiyi elmi bilikl\u0259rin sonrak\u0131 yolunun magistral istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rolu olub. Atas\u0131n\u0131 yeddi ya\u015f\u0131nda itir\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani anas\u0131 S\u0259kin\u0259 xan\u0131mla birg\u0259 o zamanlar Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131n Yaqsay k\u0259ndind\u0259 ruhanilik ed\u0259n ana babas\u0131 Molla H\u00fcseynin himay\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. T\u0259xmin\u0259n on bir il babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259 alan, \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars dill\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim \u015eamax\u0131ya qay\u0131td\u0131qdan sonra orta ruhani t\u0259hsil ver\u0259n m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259d\u0259 oxuyur. Sonra yolunu m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin dini m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n sal\u0131r. 1856-c\u0131 ild\u0259 ali ruhani t\u0259hsili almaq h\u0259v\u0259si il\u0259 \u0130raqa, N\u0259c\u0259f v\u0259 Ba\u011fdada, sonra Suriyan\u0131n \u015eam \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259, daha sonra is\u0259 1857-ci ild\u0259 yenid\u0259n M\u0259kk\u0259, M\u0259din\u0259, Misir v\u0259 Suriyaya s\u0259yah\u0259t ed\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259rin a\u015finas\u0131, ruhani olmaq fikrind\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259kib m\u0259kt\u0259bdarl\u0131q yolunu se\u00e7\u0259n m\u00fcn\u0259vv\u0259r kimi qay\u0131d\u0131r. Ruhanilikd\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259k\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, \u015eamax\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimlik edir. Eyni zamanda \u00f6z satirik \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 dini ehkamlar\u0131 k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid at\u0259\u015fin\u0259 tutur. M\u00f6vhumat v\u0259 c\u0259hal\u0259tin t\u00fc\u011fyan el\u0259diyi bir d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 maarif\u00e7i \u0259d\u0259biyyat yolu tutmaq o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 asan i\u015f deyildi. Dini dair\u0259l\u0259r Seyid \u018fzimi kafir adland\u0131r\u0131r, din d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni kimi q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 verirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim ax\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 ged\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n idi. Onun \u0259d\u0259biyyata g\u0259ldiyi d\u00f6vr yeni maarif\u00e7i s\u0259ciyy\u0259si il\u0259 se\u00e7ilirdi. M.F.Axundov dramaturgiyas\u0131 meydanda idi, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi, sonra \u00dcnsizad\u0259 qarda\u015flar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Tiflisd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edil\u0259n \u201cZiya\u201d, \u201cZiyayi-Qafqaziyy\u0259\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, milli ruhun dir\u00e7\u0259li\u015fin\u0259 r\u0259vac ver\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131rd\u0131. Akademik Rafael H\u00fcseynov yaz\u0131r: \u201cSeyid \u018fzimin Az\u0259rbaycana verdiyi faydalar v\u0259 xalq\u0131na b\u0259x\u015f etdiyi i\u015f\u0131q \u00f6z yerind\u0259, eyni zamanda onu h\u0259m d\u0259 yeni t\u00fcrk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin nadir qurucular\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259dail\u0259rind\u0259n biri olaraq qavramal\u0131y\u0131q. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ki Seyid \u018fzim yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q al\u0259min\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi, d\u00fcnya d\u0259yi\u015firdi, \u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 Q\u0259rb m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bir-birin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyan\u0131 – Mav\u0259rr\u0259nn\u0259hrd\u0259n Qafqazlara, Osmanl\u0131dan Hindistanacan n\u0259h\u0259ng \u0259razini yenil\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r dal\u011fas\u0131 b\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu gedi\u015fatda y\u00fck\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r\u0131 istedadl\u0131, f\u0259dakar, mill\u0259tsev\u0259r maarif\u00e7il\u0259rin boynuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, Seyid \u018fzim d\u0259 onlardan biri idi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim vaqif oldu\u011fu elmi bilikl\u0259r\u0259, m\u00fctali\u0259 v\u0259 yaz\u0131 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131, m\u00fcbariz ruhuna g\u00fcv\u0259nib qaranl\u0131q beyinl\u0259r\u0259 nur olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirdi. H\u0259l\u0259 yeni t\u0259dris \u00fcsullu m\u0259kt\u0259b a\u00e7mazdan \u0259vv\u0259l \u015eamax\u0131 m\u00fchitind\u0259 t\u0259drisin k\u00f6hn\u0259 qayda-qanunlarla, mollaxana \u00fcsulu il\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini t\u0259nqid ed\u0259r\u0259k yaz\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

H\u0259r vilay\u0259td\u0259 var be\u015f-on m\u0259kt\u0259b,<\/p>\n

Edirik k\u0259sb onda elm\u00fc \u0259d\u0259b.<\/p>\n

M\u0259kt\u0259bin f\u0259r\u015fi alt\u0131 k\u00f6hn\u0259 h\u0259sir,<\/p>\n

Ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259tfali-m\u00fcflis onda \u0259sir.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 1869-cu ild\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da yeni t\u0259dris \u00fcsullu (\u00fcsuli-c\u0259did) bir m\u0259kt\u0259b a\u00e7araq pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini davam etdirir. K\u00f6hn\u0259 mollaxanalardan v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131ndan yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flayan \u00fcsuli-c\u0259did m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259rsl\u0259r ana dilind\u0259 ke\u00e7ilir, t\u0259dris plan\u0131na \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil xarakterli f\u0259nl\u0259r, d\u00fcny\u0259vi bilikl\u0259r daxil edilirdi. Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabir, Sultan M\u0259cid Q\u0259nizad\u0259 kimi m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259dibl\u0259rimiz ilk t\u0259hsill\u0259rini o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn din xadiml\u0259rinin h\u0259qar\u0259tl\u0259 \u201ckafir m\u0259kt\u0259bi\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 Seyid \u018fzimin h\u0259min \u00fcsuli-c\u0259did m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 alm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti zaman\u0131 ana dilind\u0259 d\u0259rsliy\u0259 ciddi ehtiyac oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259rbiy\u0259vi par\u00e7alar se\u00e7ib toplam\u0131\u015f, t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015f, bir \u00e7oxunu is\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, 1878-ci ild\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259tnl\u0259ri bir yer\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131b birinci v\u0259 ikinci sinif \u015fagirdl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rslik t\u0259rtib etmi\u015fdir. H\u0259min kitab\u0131 \u00e7ap olunmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Qafqaz Maarif \u0130dar\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015f, lakin n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259mi\u015fdir. Ruhdan d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259n maarif\u00e7i-pedaqoq ild\u0259n-il\u0259 bu d\u0259rsliyi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f, b\u0259zi ixtisar v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r etmi\u015fdir. \u015eairin ilk d\u0259rsliyi \u201cR\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259tfar\u201d (\u201cU\u015faqlar\u0131n bahar\u0131\u201d) 1878-ci ild\u0259,\u00a0 ikinci d\u0259rsliyi olan \u201cTac\u00fcl-kitab\u201d (\u201cKitablar\u0131n tac\u0131\u201d) is\u0259 1883-c\u00fc ild\u0259 tamamlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin b\u0259dii irsi biri Az\u0259rbaycanca, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 farsca iki b\u00f6y\u00fck k\u00fclliyyatdan ibar\u0259tdir. Bu \u0259d\u0259bi n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n iki Seyid \u018fzim g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. M\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t v\u0259 dini motivli q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259r yazan, S\u0259di, Hafiz v\u0259 F\u00fczuli \u015feirl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zir\u0259 meydana qoyan, h\u0259yat sevgili, nikbin ovqatl\u0131 Seyid \u018fzim!\u00a0 Lirik q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fair F\u00fczuli \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin davam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fr\u0259b-fars izaf\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 qovu\u015fuq \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu \u015feir n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri – q\u0259z\u0259l, r\u00fcbai, q\u0259sid\u0259, m\u0259rsiy\u0259l\u0259ri, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 hekay\u0259, t\u0259msil, n\u0259sih\u0259tnam\u0259 janrlar\u0131nda \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri klassik \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n qiym\u0259tli incil\u0259rind\u0259n say\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Gec\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm s\u0259ni,<\/p>\n

ey af\u0259ti d\u00f6vran, yuxuda,<\/p>\n

Ki, el\u0259rdin m\u0259n\u0259 y\u00fcz<\/p>\n

l\u00fctfi-firavan yuxuda.<\/p>\n

O biri Seyid \u018fzim is\u0259 f\u0259rqlidir. Yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox maarif\u00e7i v\u0259 t\u0259nqidi-satirik \u015feirl\u0259ril\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim bu qatda da orijinald\u0131r. \u018fd\u0259biyyata daha \u00e7ox hans\u0131 obraz\u0131 il\u0259 adlay\u0131r,- dey\u0259 sual ets\u0259k, professor Cavan\u015fir Yusiflinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikr\u0259 istinad ed\u0259c\u0259yik: \u201cBu iki al\u0259m – k\u00f6n\u00fcld\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n s\u0259sl\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259man\u0259nin d\u0259rdl\u0259rinin t\u0259dqiqi he\u00e7 bir m\u0259qamda k\u0259si\u015fmir, sanki q\u0259z\u0259ll\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, satirik \u015feir v\u0259 m\u0259ktublar\u0131 is\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 laz\u0131m olan bir n\u0259sn\u0259 kimi ictimaiyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yaz\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0259ni Axundzad\u0259nin ir\u0259li s\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc \u201csosial \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u201d prinsipi onun \u015f\u0259xsind\u0259 tam olaraq do\u011frulurdu\u201d.<\/p>\n

Onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flanan yeni d\u00f6n\u0259min s\u0259b\u0259bkar\u0131 1875-ci ild\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u0259n \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti olur. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ilk m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131nda Seyid \u018fzimin yeni \u015feirl\u0259ri \u00e7ap olunur, bu \u015feirl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fair m\u00fc\u0259llim v\u0259 maarif\u00e7i ideoloqdur. \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feird\u0259 Seyid \u018fzim h\u0259m q\u0259zeti s\u0259rv\u0259t olaraq d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirir, h\u0259m d\u0259 onu qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 birliy\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259yir:<\/p>\n

B\u0259s \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d c\u0259lal\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r bizim,<\/p>\n

Nasehi xo\u015fm\u0259qal\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r bizim.<\/p>\n

S\u0259y ed\u0259k, ey guruhi-niksifat,<\/p>\n

Etm\u0259sin ta bizim \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d v\u0259fat.<\/p>\n

\u015eairin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 \u00f6y\u00fcd, t\u0259msil v\u0259 didaktik mahiyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan m\u0259nzum hekay\u0259l\u0259r vard\u0131r ki, bunlar\u0131n da m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir hiss\u0259si \u00f6z ideyalar\u0131 etibaril\u0259 onun maarif\u00e7i \u015feirl\u0259ri il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir. Do\u011fruluq, m\u0259rdlik, dostluq, yolda\u015fl\u0131qda m\u0259tan\u0259t, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fqanl\u0131q, \u0259zil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k, insanlarla yax\u015f\u0131 r\u0259ftar v\u0259 s. g\u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 n\u0259cib sif\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259rbiy\u0259l\u0259ndirilm\u0259si h\u0259min \u00f6y\u00fcdl\u0259rin \u0259sas m\u0259zmununu t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin ictimai mahiyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan satiralar\u0131 onun \u00fcmumi yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcst\u0259sna m\u00f6vqe tutur. Onu \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck realist \u015fairi kimi tan\u0131dan \u201cYerd\u0259kil\u0259rin g\u00f6y\u0259 \u015fikay\u0259t etm\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d, \u201cD\u0259li \u015feytan\u201d, \u201cM\u0259kri-z\u0259nan\u201d, \u201cB\u0259lx qazisi v\u0259 xarrat\u201d, \u201cM\u00fcct\u0259hidin t\u0259hsild\u0259n qay\u0131tmas\u0131\u201d, \u201cElmsiz alim\u201d, \u201cAlim o\u011ful il\u0259 avam ata\u201d, \u201cQafqaz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131na xitab\u201d v\u0259 s. satiralar\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eair satirik \u015feir v\u0259 t\u0259msill\u0259rind\u0259 ruhanil\u0259ri t\u0259nqid obyektin\u0259 \u00e7evirib, geriliyin v\u0259 cahilliyin \u0259leyhin\u0259 k\u0259skin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar edib. \u018fslind\u0259, Seyid \u018fzimin din\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti d\u0259 iki q\u00fctbl\u00fc idi. \u015eairin satiralar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n F.K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli onun h\u0259qiqi din xadiml\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulay\u0131rd\u0131:\u00a0 \u201cSeyid \u018fzim n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki m\u00fchil, riyakar, bi\u0259m\u0259l v\u0259 m\u00fcf\u0259ttin ruhanil\u0259ri sevm\u0259zdi, bir o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 h\u0259qiqi \u00fcl\u0259malara, hamiyi-din v\u0259 hadiyi-mill\u0259t ruhanil\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259iyy\u0259t v\u0259 ehtiram g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259yi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 borc bilirdi\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cSeyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani satira yaz\u0131rd\u0131, yoxsa h\u0259cv\u201d adl\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas M\u0259tan\u0259t Vahid \u015fairin satiralar\u0131nda bel\u0259 yeni m\u0259kt\u0259b a\u00e7maq arzusunun, al\u0131nan t\u0259hsild\u0259n xalq\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi namin\u0259 faydalanmaq z\u0259rur\u0259tinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r: \u201cSeyid \u018fzim lirik \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, satiralar\u0131nda da yeni m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r a\u00e7maq arzusunu ifad\u0259 edir. \u00d6z\u00fc d\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ruhani t\u0259hsili almas\u0131na baxmayaraq, zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259, d\u00f6vr d\u0259yi\u015fdikc\u0259 arzu edir ki, mill\u0259tin \u00f6vladlar\u0131 daha faydal\u0131 elml\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nsin, h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu onlara laz\u0131m olacaq bilikl\u0259r\u0259 sahib olsun.<\/p>\n

\u015eair alim olmaq iddias\u0131 il\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 guya t\u0259hsil alan, lakin v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 d\u00f6nd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra g\u00fcnl\u0259rini avaral\u0131qla ke\u00e7ir\u0259n, t\u00fcfeyli h\u0259yat s\u00fcr\u0259n, ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259hsilin xalq\u0131na bir yard\u0131m\u0131 d\u0259ym\u0259y\u0259n cahill\u0259ri k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid edirdi. Bel\u0259 \u201caliml\u0259r\u201d\u0259 xas olan x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri Seyid \u018fzim \u201cElmsiz alim\u201d, \u201cF\u0259qih il\u0259 o\u011ful\u201d, \u201cT\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin hadis\u0259si\u201d, \u201cM\u00fcct\u0259hidin t\u0259hslid\u0259n qay\u0131tmas\u0131\u201d, \u201cK\u00f6hn\u0259 elmd\u0259n \u015fikay\u0259t\u201d, \u201cAvam ata il\u0259 alim o\u011ful\u201d kimi \u015feirl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirib\u201d.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzimin maarif\u00e7ilik missiyas\u0131n\u0131n qay\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm ictimai-tarixi z\u0259min dayan\u0131r. Oyan\u0131\u015f ruhunu z\u0259man\u0259 art\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fc diqt\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, XIX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda M.F.Axundov t\u0259kc\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisinin deyil, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259nd camaat\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n da t\u0259hsil\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 oxuma\u011fa c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u018fdib 1853-c\u00fc il\u0259 aid bir m\u0259ruz\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 ana dilinin laz\u0131mi s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259drisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rs kitablar\u0131n\u0131n yoxlu\u011fundan t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259 b\u0259hs edirdi. O, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259m m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin, pedaqoji kadrlar\u0131n q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u0259rs kitablar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131\u00a0 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcvafiq \u0259d\u0259bi-b\u0259dii \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin yoxlu\u011fu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirirdi. M.F.Axundov yax\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salaraq xat\u0131rlad\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259l\u0259rimizd\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b, fars v\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrkc\u0259sind\u0259 olan kitablardan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259kl\u0259 d\u0259rs ke\u00e7ilirdi. Ana dilimizd\u0259 olan t\u0259k-t\u00fck kitablardak\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 ya t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 idi, ya da \u0259r\u0259b v\u0259 fars t\u0259rkibli k\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015fagirdl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259 qavran\u0131l\u0131r, \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda is\u0259 he\u00e7 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fcrd\u00fc. O, rus d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 \u0259r\u0259b, t\u00fcrk v\u0259 fars t\u0259sirind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri bizim milli m\u0259nafeyimiz bax\u0131m\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 hesab ed\u0259r\u0259k yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cBu \u00f6lk\u0259ni abadla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa v\u0259 ondak\u0131 \u0259halinin milliyy\u0259tini saxlama\u011fa meyl g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n xeyirxah h\u00f6kum\u0259timiz bir \u00e7ox t\u0259dbirl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, tatar (Az\u0259rbaycan – E.A.) dilind\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na diqq\u0259t vermi\u015fdir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 birinci d\u0259f\u0259 general Yermolov bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin\u00a0 (Qafqaz\u0131n – E.A.) hakimi oldu\u011fu zaman, tatarlar (az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar – E.A.) ya\u015fayan yerl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi \u0259mrl\u0259rd\u0259, \u0259halinin farsca yazmas\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u00f6z yaz\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rini ancaq tatarca aparmalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Bundan sonra, h\u0259r yerd\u0259,\u00a0 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qaydalarda olsa da, yaz\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259ri tatarca apar\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Daha sonra h\u0259r yerd\u0259 q\u0259za m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman h\u0259min m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 tatar (Az\u0259rbaycan) dilinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sini d\u0259 laz\u0131m bildi. Lakin bu dild\u0259 d\u0259rs kitablar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. M\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259lum oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259, bu \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu dil indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, dem\u0259k olar ki, ancaq t\u0259cr\u00fcbi qayda il\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259dilir\u201d.<\/p>\n

Xalq\u0131n savadland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131,\u00a0 o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvan\u0131 bu i\u015f\u0259 mane olan sosial-\u0259xlaqi \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259ri k\u0259skin t\u0259nqid edirdil\u0259r. H\u0259min \u0259ng\u0259ll\u0259rd\u0259n biri\u00a0 t\u0259riq\u0259t\u00e7ilik, \u0259halinin m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259mlik t\u0259ziy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f yarmaqla bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rini din, mill\u0259t v\u0259 \u00fcmm\u0259t f\u0259daisi kimi g\u00f6z\u0259 soxma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 idi. \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zeti bu c\u00fcr sosial-m\u0259n\u0259vi buxovlara qar\u015f\u0131 k\u0259skin m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y Z\u0259rdabi, \u018fhs\u0259n\u00fcl-Q\u0259vaid, Ha\u015f\u0131m b\u0259y V\u0259zirov v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259riq\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259, m\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259mlik t\u0259ziy\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259tbu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259yani misald\u0131r. Ancaq qarag\u00fcruh\u00e7ular v\u0259 xalq\u0131n m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 par\u00e7alanaraq, ki\u00e7ik hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcb maarif v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqid\u0259n geri qalmas\u0131nda maraql\u0131 olan q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d\u00a0 v\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7il\u0259rin bu m\u00f6vqeyin\u0259 k\u0259skin m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Qaraba\u011f \u015fairl\u0259rind\u0259n olan H\u0259s\u0259n Qara Hadi idi. O, H.Z\u0259rdabi v\u0259 \u018fhsanil-Q\u0259vaidi t\u0259riq\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131na v\u0259 xalq\u0131 d\u00fcny\u0259vi t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259cv etmi\u015fdir. H\u0259s\u0259n Qara Hadinin bu m\u00f6vqeyi v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti Seyid \u018fzimi b\u0259rk q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259ndirdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259cvd\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n Qara Hadini \u201chadiyi-\u0259rbabi-z\u0259lal\u0259t\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131b onu haqqa, \u0259dal\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015fallah sabah,<\/p>\n

birig\u00fcn yeti\u015fir mahi-\u0259za,<\/p>\n

Gey k\u0259f\u0259n, yar ba\u015f\u0131v\u0131,<\/p>\n

t\u00f6k ya\u015f\u0131v\u0131, ba\u011fla qara,<\/p>\n

S\u0259ni meydanda g\u00f6r\u0259n<\/p>\n

kims\u0259 desin namxuda,<\/p>\n

Eyl\u0259yibdir yen\u0259 al\u0259md\u0259<\/p>\n

qiyam\u0259t Hadi!<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim\u00a0 H.Q.Hadi v\u0259 onun h\u0259mfikirl\u0259rini if\u015fa etdikd\u0259n sonra xurafat v\u0259 c\u0259hal\u0259t \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u201cxa\u00e7p\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259r\u201dd\u0259n geri qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Onun az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n, guya, t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcbke\u015f kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259l\u0259rini, ba\u015fqa dill\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n rus dilini \u00f6yr\u0259ns\u0259l\u0259r, kafir olacaqlar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ed\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259slind\u0259 \u00e7irkin niyy\u0259t g\u00fcdd\u00fckl\u0259rini bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 edirdi:<\/p>\n

Xa\u00e7p\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259r ham\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n

a\u00e7\u0131r g\u00f6z\u00fcn, d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc qabaq,<\/p>\n

Dalda qald\u0131q t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcb<\/p>\n

c\u0259hl il\u0259 biz, ay sarsaq!<\/p>\n

B\u0259s n\u0259 v\u0259qti biz\u0259 qism\u0259t olacaq g\u00f6z\u00fcn a\u00e7maq?<\/p>\n

\u018fql\u0259 g\u0259l, tanr\u0131ya bax,<\/p>\n

b\u0259sdi bu q\u0259fl\u0259t, Hadi!<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani m\u00fchafiz\u0259kar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259li, xalq\u0131n b\u0259db\u0259xtlik v\u0259 geriliyind\u0259 \u00f6z rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259n c\u0259hal\u0259tp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259ri ax\u0131rad\u0259k if\u015fa edir. Onlar\u0131n pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r v\u0259 Quran ad\u0131na uydurduqlar\u0131 yalanlar\u0131 bir-bir \u00fczl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131r. Rus dilind\u0259 oxuma\u011f\u0131, bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r dild\u0259 olan elm, bilik x\u0259zin\u0259sin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259yi \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck nem\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n hesab edir.\u00a0 \u015eairin haql\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bir dil bil\u0259n\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n \u00e7ox dil bil\u0259n daha \u00e7ox nem\u0259t\u0259 sahib olmaq imkan\u0131 qazan\u0131r. \u015eeirin \u0259vv\u0259lki b\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 H\u0259s\u0259n Qara Hadi kimi adamlar\u0131 din, pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r, Quran ad\u0131na yalanlar uydurduqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn riyakarl\u0131qda ittiham edirdi, sonrak\u0131 b\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 bildirir ki, xalq\u0131n savadlanmas\u0131, onun rus v\u0259 ba\u015fqa xarici dili \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259yinin \u0259leyhin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xanlar\u0131n \u00f6z \u00f6vladlar\u0131 el\u0259 h\u0259min dill\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hsil al\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n

Oxudur c\u00fcml\u0259<\/p>\n

u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 xan\u00fc b\u0259g\u00fcv\u00fcz,<\/p>\n

Nem\u0259ti-rus il\u0259<\/p>\n

p\u0259rv\u0259rd\u0259 olub c\u0259m\u00fcv\u00fcz,<\/p>\n

Bilm\u0259y\u0259n rus dilini,<\/p>\n

b\u0259lk\u0259, ola t\u0259k-t\u0259k\u00fcv\u00fcz,<\/p>\n

Sizd\u0259 var ham\u0131dan<\/p>\n

art\u0131q ona r\u0259\u011fb\u0259t, Hadi!<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0259tirl\u0259rd\u0259n bir daha ayd\u0131n olur ki, S.\u018f.\u015eirvani xalq\u0131n geni\u015f k\u00fctl\u0259sinin, g\u0259nc n\u0259slin savadl\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qar\u015f\u0131da duran h\u0259r hans\u0131 mane\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259f etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O, o\u011flu Mir C\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6y\u00fcdl\u0259rind\u0259 sanki \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u0259nc n\u0259sl\u0259 tutub onlar\u0131 d\u00fcny\u0259vi bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas Zaman \u018fsg\u0259rli yaz\u0131r: \u201cS.\u018f.\u015eirvaninin \u00f6y\u00fcd v\u0259 n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rinin bir \u00e7oxunda d\u00fcny\u0259vi elmin, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi haqq\u0131nda s\u00f6hb\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Maarif\u00e7i \u015fair insanlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259sar\u0259td\u0259n qurtulu\u015f yolunu t\u0259bii elmi bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Onun fikrinc\u0259, elm c\u0259hal\u0259tin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nidir, insanlar\u0131 i\u015f\u0131\u011fa aparan hamar yoldur. Aliml\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n h\u00f6rm\u0259tli adamlar\u0131, Allah\u0131n \u0259ziz b\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ridir. Onlara h\u00f6rm\u0259tl\u0259 yana\u015fmaq, ehtiram b\u0259sl\u0259m\u0259k, qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k vacibdir\u201d.<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani elm, maarif, g\u0259nc n\u0259slin t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 az-\u00e7ox i\u015f g\u00f6r\u0259n h\u0259r bir k\u0259sin \u0259m\u0259yini y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi. Onun \u201cZiya\u201d (Ziyayi-Qafqaziyy\u0259) q\u0259zetinin na\u015firi v\u0259 redaktoru, ictimai xadim Hac\u0131 S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr etdiyi q\u0259sid\u0259l\u0259ri bu bax\u0131mdan diqq\u0259t\u0259 layiqdir. \u015eairin \u201c\u018fs\u0259rl\u0259ri\u201dnin II cildind\u0259 \u201cS\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259y\u0259\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7ap edil\u0259n h\u0259min \u015feirl\u0259rd\u0259 S.\u00dcnsizad\u0259nin Tiflisd\u0259 q\u0259zet \u00e7\u0131xarmas\u0131, \u015eamax\u0131da v\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n q\u0131z v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t m\u0259kt\u0259bi a\u00e7mas\u0131, \u015eamax\u0131ya qazi t\u0259yin olunandan sonra buran\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi-m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r – m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 qira\u0259txana a\u00e7maq, s\u00fcnnil\u0259rl\u0259 \u015fi\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 ixtilaf\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv edib\u00a0 birliy\u0259 nail olmaq, d\u00fcny\u0259vi elml\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u0259r\u0259b, fars, rus, fir\u0259ng v\u0259 ba\u015fqa dill\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259yin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fmaqla yana\u015f\u0131 ana dilini d\u0259rind\u0259n bilm\u0259k v\u0259 s. haqda \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat verdikd\u0259n sonra, xalq\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi namin\u0259 ona bel\u0259 dualar edir:<\/p>\n

\u0130lahi, bu S\u0259idin k\u00f6vk\u0259bi-b\u0259xti S\u0259id olsun-<\/p>\n

Ki, xur\u015fidi-f\u0259l\u0259k t\u0259k t\u0259rbiy\u0259t<\/p>\n

eyl\u0259y\u0259r \u0259kvani…<\/p>\n

…Y\u0259qindir kim, m\u0259katibb\u0259<\/p>\n

m\u0259darifl\u0259r tapa r\u00f6vn\u0259q,<\/p>\n

O g\u00fcnd\u0259n kim, g\u0259lib t\u0259qrib<\/p>\n

ed\u0259r bu \u0259mr\u0259 \u0259yani.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcba\u015fir g\u0259r bu \u0259mri-xeyr<\/p>\n

\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Hac\u0131 S\u0259id olsa,<\/p>\n

G\u0259r\u0259kdir d\u0259v\u0259t etsin biziml\u0259 \u0259yani-zi\u015fani.<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvaninin S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n bu tipli islahatlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn miqyas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259rk edib y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bsiz deyildi. Bel\u0259 ki, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetinin s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yeni tipli m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, onlara ayd\u0131n d\u0259rslik v\u0259 proqramlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si qald\u0131r\u0131landa\u00a0 S.\u018f.\u015eirvani h\u0259min m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 f\u0259al qo\u015fulanlardan idi:<\/p>\n

… Han\u0131 bizd\u0259 \u201cX\u00fclas\u0259\u201dnin s\u0259m\u0259ri.<\/p>\n

Han\u0131 \u201cC\u0259br\u00fcl-m\u00fcqbil\u201din x\u0259b\u0259ri?<\/p>\n

S\u0259hl dill\u0259rd\u0259 elmi-hey\u0259t yox,<\/p>\n

C\u0259mi t\u0259friqi z\u0259r\u00fc qiym\u0259t yox.<\/p>\n

N\u0259 t\u0259qiyy\u0259, budur s\u00f6z\u00fcn saf\u0131,<\/p>\n

K\u00fcfrd\u00fcr bizd\u0259 elmi – co\u011frafi .<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f etdiyi maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131, yeni\u00a0 t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259dris \u00fcsullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259llimlik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq etmi\u015fdir. \u015eairin t\u0259rtib etdiyi\u00a0d\u0259rslikl\u0259r m\u0259hz, m\u00fct\u0259r\u0259qqi m\u0259zmun v\u0259 m\u00fcnd\u0259ric\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 elmi \u0259d\u0259biyyatda t\u0259qdir edilmi\u015fdir. Zaman \u018fsg\u0259rli\u00a0 bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n yaz\u0131r: \u201c\u015eair \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dd\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f etdiyi maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 sonrak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 davam etdirir, b\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elmin, t\u0259hsilin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259si, ba\u015fqa dill\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259yin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda t\u0259rbiy\u0259vi s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. Onun \u201cR\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259tfal\u201d d\u0259rsliyind\u0259ki \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri m\u0259zmunca \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201dd\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f etdiyi maarifp\u0259rv\u0259r fikirl\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259\u015fir. Kitabdak\u0131 \u00f6y\u00fcd, n\u0259sih\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259msill\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fair g\u0259nc n\u0259sl\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi safl\u0131q, daxili t\u0259mizlik , g\u00f6z\u0259l, m\u0259nal\u0131 ya\u015famaq, ay\u0131q olmaq, a\u0259t\u0259n, xalq yolunda faydal\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259k v\u0259 s. bel\u0259 \u0259xlaqi fikirl\u0259r t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edirdi. O, i\u015fsizliyi, avaral\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcfeyli h\u0259yat ke\u00e7irm\u0259yi pisl\u0259yir, m\u00fcasirl\u0259rin\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7m\u0259yi, s\u0259n\u0259t sahibi olma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259bli\u011f edirdi\u201d.<\/p>\n

XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda ana dili d\u0259rslikl\u0259ri yazmaq v\u0259 onlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan b\u0259dii n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rin meydana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131 yolu il\u0259 M.F.Axundovun, S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259 v\u0259 S.\u018f.\u015eirvaninin\u00a0 rastla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u201din aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn qabaqc\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc \u015fair, yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 pedaqoqlar\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t meydan\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bu \u0259dib v\u0259 ziyal\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131na M.F.Axundov, M.\u015e. Vazeh, M.N.Did\u0259, M.\u018f.Elxanov, A.O.\u00c7ernyayevski, S.\u018f.\u015eirvani, S.V\u0259lib\u0259yov, R.\u018ff\u0259ndiyev v\u0259 b. daxil idil\u0259r. Onlar Az\u0259rbaycan dilinin t\u0259drisind\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rslik v\u0259 oxu kitablar\u0131 yazmaq, bu kitablar\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 yaratmaq v\u0259 s. namin\u0259 h\u0259r bir \u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 f\u0259dakarl\u0131qla qatla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1840-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 M.F.Axundov M.\u015e.Vazehl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259 a\u00e7ma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, lakin \u00f6z m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7ata bilm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bu i\u015fi t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40 ild\u0259n sonra S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 n\u0259\u015frin\u0259 nail oldu\u011fu \u201cZiya\u201d q\u0259zetinin m\u0259tb\u0259\u0259si il\u0259 realla\u015fd\u0131ra bilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani d\u0259 d\u0259rslik v\u0259 u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f, ancaq t\u0259rtib etdiyi \u201cR\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259tfal\u201d d\u0259rsliyinin n\u0259\u015fri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xeyli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da m\u0259qs\u0259din\u0259 nail ola bilm\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u018fd\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas Xeyrulla M\u0259mm\u0259dov yaz\u0131r: \u201cXIX \u0259srin 70-80-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 \u201c\u00fcsuli-c\u0259did\u201d maarif h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 dir\u00e7\u0259l\u0259rk\u0259n S.\u018f.\u015eirvani, H.X.Qarada\u011fi, S.V\u0259lib\u0259yov v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131n u\u015faq m\u00fctali\u0259sind\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc material yaratmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 klassik \u0259d\u0259biyyat x\u0259zin\u0259sind\u0259 axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259siz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onlar yeni m\u0259kt\u0259bi b\u00f6hranl\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n qurtarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 bu istiqam\u0259t\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltmi\u015f, xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 s\u00fcjetl\u0259rini m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k, \u015e\u0259rq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan iqtibas, rus v\u0259 Avropa \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131ndan t\u0259bdil v\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 bir s\u0131ra u\u015faq \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini yaratma\u011fa nail olmu\u015fdular\u201d.<\/p>\n

S.\u018f.\u015eirvani u\u015faqlar\u0131n oxumas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn folklor n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri toplay\u0131b \u00e7apa haz\u0131rlay\u0131r, yaxud h\u0259m orijinal \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n, h\u0259m d\u0259 ba\u015fqa dill\u0259rd\u0259n\u00a0 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 v\u0259 iqtibas etdiyi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n yararlanaraq, d\u0259rslik, oxu kitablar\u0131 t\u0259rtib etm\u0259k istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 u\u011furlu add\u0131mlar at\u0131rd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan u\u015faq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, folklordan al\u0131nma s\u00fcjetl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259nzum\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 daha \u00e7ox diqq\u0259t yetirilmi\u015fdir. Bu m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259ni biz S.\u018f.\u015eirvani yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edirik. Onun u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0259dii n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r, \u0259sas\u0259n, s\u00fcjetli hekay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 m\u0259nzum\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim 1878-ci ild\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131 ruhani m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n \u201cR\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259tfal\u201d (\u201cU\u015faqlar\u0131n bahar\u0131\u201d) d\u0259rsliyini tamamlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131lma s\u0259b\u0259bi hiss\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fair u\u015faqlara b\u0259zi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259r verir: \u201cBu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n, ey xo\u015f\u0259xlaql\u0131, m\u0259n \u00e7ox hekay\u0259l\u0259ri q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnki qabiliyy\u0259tsiz adamlar g\u00f6r\u00fcb m\u0259n d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc q\u0259sd\u0259n cahil kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rdim. \u018fg\u0259r fani z\u0259man\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259 uy\u011fun olmasa, s\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc z\u0259man\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r. G\u00f6rs\u0259n ki, xalq divan\u0259 olub, s\u0259n d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 yox, divan\u0259 kimi g\u00f6st\u0259r. Bu xo\u015f m\u0259s\u0259ldir ki, palaza b\u00fcr\u00fcn, eln\u0259n s\u00fcr\u00fcn. \u0130st\u0259r t\u00fcrk olsun, ist\u0259r z\u0259nci, xalq il\u0259 h\u0259min xasiyy\u0259td\u0259 ol. Nadana m\u0259rif\u0259td\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fma, onda o, s\u0259ni d\u0259li hesab ed\u0259r\u201d.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim bu fikirl\u0259ri m\u0259tnl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda izah edir, hadis\u0259 v\u0259 prosesl\u0259rin \u0259yaniliyi v\u0259 konkretliyi z\u0259minind\u0259 t\u0259lqin etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, yuxar\u0131da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cG\u00f6rs\u0259n ki, xalq divan\u0259 olub, s\u0259n d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 yox, divan\u0259 kimi g\u00f6st\u0259r\u201d n\u0259sih\u0259tini Seyid \u018fzim \u015fah v\u0259 v\u0259zird\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n hekay\u0259nin timsal\u0131nda m\u0259tnl\u0259\u015fdirir, maraql\u0131 s\u00fcjet x\u0259tti qurmaqla hekay\u0259ni h\u0259m oxunaql\u0131 edir, h\u0259m d\u0259 u\u015faqlara do\u011fru fikir a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259r hekay\u0259nin sonunda is\u0259 yen\u0259 m\u0259zmuna uy\u011fun fikirl\u0259ri \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kirdi: \u201cB\u0259li, ey g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn nuru, eyni cinsd\u0259n olanlar bir-birin\u0259 nifr\u0259t el\u0259m\u0259zl\u0259r. Bin\u0259va \u015f\u0259xs bin\u0259van\u0131 sev\u0259r. Nec\u0259 ki, saman k\u0259hr\u0259ban\u0131 sev\u0259r. Alim nadandan qa\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi nadan da alimd\u0259n qa\u00e7ar. Cahild\u0259 kamillik z\u00f6vq\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 adamda n\u0259 oldu\u011funu anlamaz. A\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 o adamd\u0131r ki, gec\u0259-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz xalq\u0131n z\u00f6vq\u00fcn\u0259 uy\u011fun r\u0259ftar ed\u0259\u201d.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzimin ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 onda idi ki, u\u015faqlarla nec\u0259 yana\u015fmaq, nec\u0259 davranmaq laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu bilirdi. O, sad\u0259c\u0259 n\u0259sih\u0259t etm\u0259k yolunu tutmurdu. \u00c7\u00fcnki bel\u0259 \u015feyl\u0259ri h\u0259m ke\u00e7ilmi\u015f yol say\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131na t\u0259sirsiz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyil ki, S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259y\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feird\u0259 S\u0259di \u015eirazinin \u201cG\u00fcl\u00fcstan\u201d, \u201cBustan\u201d d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn ke\u00e7diyini vur\u011fulay\u0131r, maarif v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sini t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k ist\u0259yini dil\u0259 g\u0259tirirdi. Onun S\u0259id \u00dcnsizad\u0259y\u0259 b\u0259sl\u0259diyi \u00fcmid v\u0259 inam\u0131n qay\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259hz, h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259diyi islahatlar dayan\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

…Bina t\u0259lim\u00fcl-\u0259tfal\u0259<\/p>\n

\u0259lifbayi-c\u0259did etsin,<\/p>\n

G\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fclati,<\/p>\n

zahir etsin r\u0259smi-asani.<\/p>\n

V\u0259t\u0259nd\u0259 zikr olan dill\u0259rd\u0259<\/p>\n

t\u0259snifatlar q\u0131ls\u0131n,<\/p>\n

G\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcn aradan \u201c\u0130n\u015fa\u00fc\u201d \u201cBustan\u201d\u00fc \u201cG\u00fcl\u00fcstan\u201di<\/p>\n

Oxunsun hey\u0259t\u00fc hikm\u0259t,<\/p>\n

hesab\u00fc elmi-co\u011frafi,<\/p>\n

Yet\u0259r b\u0259sdir e\u015fitdik<\/p>\n

\u201cQisseyi-Yusuf-Z\u00fcleyxani\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u0259riqi-t\u0259rbi\u0259t t\u0259limin etsin<\/p>\n

b\u0259zi heyvan\u0259,<\/p>\n

G\u00f6t\u00fcrs\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259bi-\u0259tfaldan<\/p>\n

\u00e7\u00fcb\u00fc f\u0259l\u0259qqani.<\/p>\n

Bizim\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259m\u00fc t\u0259rtib<\/p>\n

eyl\u0259sin mill\u0259t t\u0259varixin,<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131b \u0259xlaq elmin, bizl\u0259r\u0259<\/p>\n

\u015f\u0259rh eyl\u0259sin ani.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r g\u0259lib adab<\/p>\n

d\u0259rsi ondan \u00f6yr\u0259nsin,<\/p>\n

M\u00fch\u0259rrirl\u0259r ala t\u0259limi<\/p>\n

h\u0259r in\u015fav\u00fc imlani.<\/p>\n

Xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259tkar yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 n\u0259cib v\u0259 xeyirxah \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 folklor q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131na b\u0259nz\u0259tmi\u015fdir. \u00dcr\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131qdan, xeyirxahl\u0131qdan, insanlara k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 n\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259n, \u0259m\u0259lp\u0259rv\u0259r, saf u\u015faqlar oxucunun r\u0259\u011fb\u0259tini qazan\u0131r, onlar\u0131n q\u0259lbin\u0259 asanl\u0131qla yol tap\u0131rlar. Seyid \u018fzimin \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259ki q\u0259hr\u0259manlar Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda t\u0259sad\u00fcf edil\u0259n m\u00fcdrik insanlar\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif bu \u0259hvalatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda u\u015faqlara n\u0259yin pis, n\u0259yin yax\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirir. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, bel\u0259 sur\u0259tl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda ilk d\u0259f\u0259\u00a0 XIX \u0259srd\u0259, Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin \u0259xlaqi-didaktik \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259\u00a0 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259svir olunan hadis\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 m\u00fcdrik bir insan – Ata sur\u0259ti dayan\u0131r. \u201cD\u00f6vran\u0131n bir \u00e7ox qay\u011f\u0131lar\u0131ndan, f\u0259l\u0259yin g\u0259rdi\u015find\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar olan bu d\u00fcnyag\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f insan \u00f6z g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda g\u0259nc n\u0259sl\u0259 n\u0259yin pis, n\u0259yin yax\u015f\u0131, hans\u0131 sif\u0259tin g\u00f6z\u0259l, hans\u0131n\u0131n is\u0259 \u00e7irkin, eyb\u0259c\u0259r oldu\u011funu ba\u015fa sal\u0131r \u201c (Z.\u018fsg\u0259rli).<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim Ata sur\u0259ti il\u0259 u\u015faqlara \u0259xlaqi safl\u0131q, m\u0259n\u0259vi g\u00f6z\u0259llik hissl\u0259rini t\u0259lqin edir. Bu sur\u0259tl\u0259r maarif\u00e7i realizm prinsipl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259min prinsip\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 art\u0131q g\u0259nc n\u0259sl\u0259 n\u0259yin pis, n\u0259yin yax\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu quru n\u0259sih\u0259t, didaktika yolu il\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k d\u00fczg\u00fcn deyil, yax\u015f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 pisi \u0259yani \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 konkret hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cR\u0259bi\u00fcl-\u0259tfal\u201d d\u0259rsliyind\u0259 yer alan m\u0259tnl\u0259rin bir ne\u00e7\u0259si \u201cO\u011fluma xitab\u201d, \u201cO\u011fluma n\u0259sih\u0259t\u201d formas\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu xitab v\u0259 n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131 d\u0259rkin zirv\u0259 m\u0259qam\u0131na yet\u0259n, k\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u0131q v\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131qla s\u00fcsl\u0259mi\u015f, ruhsal duyumlu, d\u0259rin z\u0259kaya malik bir \u015f\u0259xs g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alanda ki, d\u0259rslik 1878-ci ild\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131b, bu n\u0259sih\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 43 ya\u015fl\u0131 Seyid \u018fzim art\u0131q d\u00fcnyag\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f qocad\u0131r!\u00a0 U\u015faqlara xitab\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f, t\u0259lqin etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015fair \u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcl\u0259si idrak v\u0259 m\u0259rif\u0259t qayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cO\u011ful, ey g\u00fcl\u00fcstan\u0131m\u0131n q\u00f6n\u00e7\u0259si! Ey m\u0259nim xo\u015fs\u0259sli b\u00fclb\u00fcl\u00fcm! \u0130ki y\u00fcz yetmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 bahar f\u0259slind\u0259 s\u0259n d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259ldin. \u0130ndi on be\u015f ildir ki, s\u0259n\u0259 adab (\u0259d\u0259bl\u0259r, b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259n\u0259n qaydalar, t\u0259rz, \u00fcsul) t\u0259lim edir\u0259m. A\u011f\u0131la yetib ba\u015f\u0131uca oldun, daha m\u0259n\u0259 ehtiyac duymad\u0131n. \u0130ndi \u0259ql pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rini r\u0259hb\u0259r q\u0131l, m\u0259zh\u0259b \u0259d\u0259bl\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259n! Demir\u0259m ki, m\u0259n ged\u0259n yol il\u0259 get. Ancaq a\u011f\u0131l\u0131 tut, o g\u00f6z\u0259l dost il\u0259 get. S\u0259n\u0259 ata yolu \u0259sas deyil, g\u00f6r Az\u0259r \u00f6vlad\u0131 hans\u0131 yol il\u0259 getdi?<\/p>\n

Demir\u0259m rus, ya m\u00fcs\u0259lman ol. H\u0259r n\u0259 olsan, m\u0259rif\u0259t sahibi ol!<\/p>\n

Demir\u0259m ki, s\u00fcnni, ya da \u015fi\u0259 ol! Yaln\u0131z biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q oxuna h\u0259d\u0259f olma.<\/p>\n

Demir\u0259m \u015feyx ol! H\u0259r n\u0259 olsan, saxtakar v\u0259 f\u0131r\u0131ldaq\u00e7\u0131 olma!<\/p>\n

Dilini l\u0259n\u0259t etm\u0259kd\u0259n, ba\u015fqas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcsib\u0259tin\u0259 sevinm\u0259kd\u0259n saxla.<\/p>\n

Bilm\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259n bil\u0259n k\u0259s daha \u00fcst\u00fcn imi\u015f. H\u0259q buyurmu\u015f ki, ey d\u00fcnya adamlar\u0131, dill\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi nem\u0259timd\u0259ndir. Kim ki bir dil \u00f6yr\u0259ns\u0259, o, bir nem\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f olar. C\u0259hd el\u0259 ki, o nem\u0259t\u0259 yeti\u015f, elm t\u0259hsil q\u0131l, bir m\u00f6vqey\u0259 \u00e7at\u201d.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzimin f\u0259rqliliyi d\u0259, b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fc d\u0259 bundad\u0131r! Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 dini t\u0259hsild\u0259n u\u015faqlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararlanmas\u0131nda, din\u0259 do\u011fma kimi yana\u015fmay\u0131b, onun \u0259n n\u0259cib t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rini yeni yeti\u015f\u0259n n\u0259sl\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259sind\u0259, islam d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rini \u0259d\u0259biyyat havas\u0131nda t\u0259qdim etm\u0259sind\u0259!<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzimin maarif\u00e7i \u015fair kimi zaman\u0131nda n\u00fcfuzu b\u00f6y\u00fck olub. \u201cO, t\u0259kc\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131 v\u0259 Bak\u0131 deyil, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259clisl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck h\u00f6rm\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015eairin ad\u0131 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d, \u201cZiya\u201d v\u0259 \u201cK\u0259\u015fk\u00fcl\u201d q\u0259zetl\u0259rind\u0259n tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eamax\u0131l\u0131 olan \u00dcnsizad\u0259 qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cM\u0259clis\u201d adl\u0131 yeni \u00fcsullu m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 \u015f\u0259ri\u0259t d\u0259rsl\u0259rini Seyid \u018fzim t\u0259dris edirdi. M\u0259hz bu m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n dig\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015fairi Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabir onun d\u0259rsl\u0259rini dinl\u0259mi\u015fdir\u201d (V\u00fcqar \u018fhm\u0259d).<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vr\u00fcn ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 onu y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirmi\u015f, b\u00f6y\u00fck istedad sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015flar. Mir M\u00f6hs\u00fcn N\u0259vvab ona h\u0259cvl\u0259r yazmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, Seyid \u018fzimin poeziyas\u0131na y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259t vermi\u015f, Firudin b\u0259y K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli onu \u201cQafqaz \u015f\u00fc\u0259ras\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259ram\u0259di\u201d adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015eair Ordubadda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u201c\u018fnc\u00fcm\u0259n\u00fc\u015f-\u015f\u00fc\u0259ra\u201d m\u0259clisinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri Hac\u0131a\u011fa F\u0259qir Ordubadi il\u0259 m\u0259ktubla\u015f\u0131r, Bak\u0131, \u015eu\u015fa, G\u0259nc\u0259, Qazax, L\u0259nk\u0259ran, T\u0259briz, \u018frd\u0259bil, D\u0259rb\u0259nd v\u0259 \u015e\u0259ki b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rinin \u015fairl\u0259ri il\u0259 daimi \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 olur, Bak\u0131da f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u201cM\u0259cm\u0259\u00fc\u015f-\u015f\u00fc\u0259ra\u201d \u0259d\u0259bi m\u0259clisind\u0259 tez-tez i\u015ftirak ed\u0259r\u0259k burada \u018fbd\u00fclxal\u0131q C\u0259nn\u0259tinin istedad\u0131na d\u0259y\u0259r verirdi. Xeyrulla M\u0259mm\u0259dov \u201cXIX \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda Seyid \u018fzimin \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 yazmaqla ictimai pafos qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00f6vqeyinin formala\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir: \u201cF\u0259bb\u00fcl-\u0259tfal\u201d, \u201cQafqaz \u0259hlin\u0259 xitab\u201d, \u201cRuhanilik t\u0259hsili\u201d, \u201c\u018fkin\u00e7i v\u0259 xan\u201d, \u201cK\u00f6p\u0259y\u0259 ehsan\u201d kimi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri h\u0259m m\u00f6vzu d\u0259rinliyi, h\u0259m d\u0259 poetik dili il\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u015fairl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6rn\u0259k olmu\u015fdur. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 el\u0259 bir \u015fair yox idi ki, Seyid \u018fzimin d\u0259st-x\u0259tind\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u201d.<\/p>\n

Seyid \u018fzim b\u00fct\u00fcn maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, 18 ild\u0259n art\u0131q \u00f6z m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimlik etmi\u015fdir. N\u0259hay\u0259t, bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n m\u00f6vhumat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 ruhanil\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u0259han\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ona qar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7m\u0259l\u0259ri, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n o zaman \u015eamax\u0131da d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131lan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259binin t\u0259siri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259kt\u0259bin art\u0131q \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini dayand\u0131rmas\u0131 onu a\u011f\u0131r yolun s\u0131naqlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qoymu\u015fdur. Onsuz da h\u0259yat\u0131 he\u00e7 bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 r\u0259van ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259n \u015fairin \u00f6m\u00fcr yolu 53 illik zamana s\u0131\u011facaq q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259h\u0259mm\u00fcl ed\u0259 bildi.<\/p>\n

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4 aprel 2025-ci il! \u00d6lk\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyev \u0259d\u0259bi yadda\u015f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259\u00a0 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti q\u0259dirdanl\u0131q n\u00fcmun\u0259si s\u0259rgil\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvaninin 190 illiyinin qeyd edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259r\u0259ncam imzalad\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fairin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rin\u0259 bel\u0259 vur\u011fular etdi: \u201cSeyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyu h\u0259m \u015e\u0259rq poeziyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox\u0259srlik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131qla davam etdirmi\u015f, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm ictimai-siyasi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin ba\u015f verdiyi bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n yeni maarif\u00e7ilik ideyalar\u0131 il\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. D\u0259y\u0259rli poetik n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t parlaq lirikas\u0131nda m\u0259n\u0259vi g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm ed\u0259n \u015fair, eyni zamanda, realist satiralar\u0131nda d\u00f6vr\u00fcn aktual m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 k\u0259skin m\u00fcnasib\u0259t bildirmi\u015f, didaktik \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 humanist ideyalar\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011fin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t yetirmi\u015fdir. Seyid \u018fzim \u015eirvani c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial-m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259r\u0259qqisi u\u011frunda qabaqc\u0131l ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin daim \u00f6n s\u0131ralar\u0131nda dayanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun xalqa xidm\u0259t namin\u0259 \u00f6z maarif\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rini ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k arzusu il\u0259 ana dilind\u0259 a\u00e7d\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni \u00fcsullu m\u0259kt\u0259b Az\u0259rbaycan t\u0259hsili tarixind\u0259 d\u0259rin iz qoymu\u015fdur\u201d.<\/p>\n

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XIX \u0259srin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti! Xalq\u0131n nicat v\u0259 oyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131ndan \u00f6m\u00fcr kimi ke\u00e7ir\u0259n \u0259d\u0259biyyat f\u0259daisi! Z\u0259hniyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 nur, m\u0259n\u0259viyyatlara insanl\u0131q toxumu s\u0259p\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck maarif\u00e7i! \u201cBeytin, evin, m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 k\u0259lam\u0131n\u201d da\u011f\u0131lmay\u0131b. H\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 biziml\u0259s\u0259n!<\/p>\n

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M\u00fc\u0259llif: ELNAR\u018f AK\u0130MOVA, Mill\u0259t v\u0259kili, \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015f\u00fcnas-alim<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan.media<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(\u015eairin 190 illiyin\u0259) Al\u0259ml\u0259ri t\u0259sxir q\u0131lan m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m\u0259m m\u0259n… S.\u018f.\u015eirvani   On s\u0259kkiz il m\u00fc\u0259llim kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaq, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ziya verm\u0259k, d\u0259rslikl\u0259r, oxu kitablar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaq, \u015feir v\u0259 hekay\u0259l\u0259r yaz\u0131b \u0259d\u0259biyyat yolu il\u0259… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":55395,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dbiyyat","category-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55394"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55397,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55394\/revisions\/55397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/55395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azerbaycan.media\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}